developing several pricing models in green supply chain under risk by game theory approach

green supply chain management is an environmental approach in supply chain management that aims to decrease ecological risks in products’ life cycle. closed-loop supply chain by collecting and recycling the harmful production in nature attempts to achieve this goal. in this paper, due to different strategies in collecting products, several pricing models in two-echelon closed supply chain are presented. the interactions between the manufacturer and the retailer in pricing are investigated based on stackelberg game and the optimal decisions of manufacturer and retailer are obtained in each model. moreover, because of the dynamic nature of the supply chain in the real world, risk factor based on the mean-variance model is considered in the closed-loop. finally, the presented models are analyzed using a numerical example and the best model is selected by comparing the profits. moreover, sensitivity analyses are performed on collecting rate, recycling rate and the risk aversion. results show that the coordinating model between the manufacturer and the retailer can be an appropriate substitution in high collecting rates and low risk aversion values.